IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY SALINIZATION AREAS ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS IN THE SOUTH-EAST DEVELOPMENT REGION OF ROMANIA

Abstract

Secondary salinization is an anthropogenic process involving the excessive accumulation of soluble salts and represents one of the most significant threats to agricultural sustainability and global food security. Unlike primary (natural) salinization, this phenomenon is a direct consequence of human activities, primarily the inappropriate water management in irrigated perimeters. The main causes include the use of irrigation water with a high salt content, inadequate internal and external drainage of the land, and the rise of the mineralized phreatic water level into the active soil zone through capillary uplift. The South-East Development Region of Romania is characterized by vulnerability to drought and a history of extensive irrigation systems, and is currently facing an expansion of salt-affected areas. The present study aims to identify the areas affected by secondary salinization using an integrated approach combining Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and validation through field pedological analyses. The results indicate a strong correlation between low-lying, poorly drained areas and long-term irrigation practices, providing a vital tool for the sustainable management of soil and water resources and for prioritizing ameliorative measures.