THE IMPACT OF FOREST WINDBREAKS ON BIODIVERSITY AND MICROCLIMATE IN VITICULTURAL ECOSYSTEMS – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This study critically reviews literature concerning the influence of forest curtains on microclimate regulation and biodiversity maintenance in viticultural habitats. It synthesises national and international findings on how these linear vegetation structures affect biotic components such as pollinators, natural predators, avifauna, and soil microbiota. Furthermore, it examines their
impact on principal microclimatic parameters:temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and evapotranspiration. Forest curtains were found to increase relative humidity by 5-10%, reduce wind speed by 30-45%, enhance evapotranspiration by 12-18%, and elevate minimum night temperature by up to 1.5 °C. Ecologically, these structures increased densities of pollinators and natural predators by 30-50%, thereby promoting diversity and abundance of beneficial species. Consequently, forest curtains contribute to production stability and resilience while protecting vine crops from abiotic stress. The review emphasises the necessity of integrating such systems into sustainable viticulture and climate adaptation strategies in Romania.