A REVIEW ON THE MAIN STRESS FACTORS IN WHEAT AND SOME STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE THEM

Abstract

Current agriculture is caught between two major pressures: ensuring food security for a growing population and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and natural resource degradation. In this context, wheat occupies a strategic position, having a direct impact on both economic balance and social stability. At the same time, the vulnerability of this crop to abiotic (drought, high temperatures, salinity) and biotic (diseases, pests) stresses underlines the urgent need for innovative technological solutions.Stress factors, either abiotic or biotic, severely limit the performance of wheat crops and reduce both production and quality, with a direct impact on economic efficiency and food security. Under these conditions, the integration of complex technological solutions is no longer optional, but necessary. Organo-mineral fertilization, careful administration of foliar fertilizers, as well as the use of biostimulants and amino acids have demonstrated visible effects in increasing stress tolerance and increasing yield. They support metabolic processes, maintain physiological balance and contribute to better stability of grain quality.