THE AGROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORKS

Abstract

The paper presents the results obtained from an experiment with different tillage systems carried out in the period 2001-2021 on the Cambic Chernozem from Fundulea. The data reflect the influence of tillage on maize yields in 2020 and 2021, two very different years from a climatic point of view (2020 – very dry, while 2021 – a medium year). In the dry year, the highest yield (3828 kg/ha) was obtained in the plots worked with the chisel which ensured a better accumulation of water in the soil, and the lowest yield was obtained in the control plots. In 2021, the highest yield (7510 kg/ha) was obtained in the variants ploughed in autumn, and the lowest in the control plots (2036 kg/ha). In both years, spring ploughing provided distinct and very significant increases in production, but much lower than fall ploughing or chiseling. The agrochemical analyzes revealed the highest values for humus, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium contents, total cationic exchange capacity in the control plots, and the lowest values of these parameters in the autumn ploughed plots. The disking and spring ploughing ensured close values, but better for tillage with disks. Spring ploughing is not recommended, as it stimulates the loss of soil water and, by increasing soil aeration influences the humus decomposition. Therefore, it is recommended that spring ploughing should be replaced by tillage with disk.
The short experimenting duration at Secuieni and the high soil resilience didn't allow highlighting statistically significant soil pH, humus, total nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium contents changes under the influence of different soil working methods (ploughing at 20 and 30 cm, ploughing at 30 + 10 cm, chisel work at 20 cm, and discing at 12-15 cm, and combinations between them).