"Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series "

DYNAMICS OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCT USE IN VÂLCEA COUNTY: ECOLOGICAL AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the long-term transformation of pesticide use in Romania between 1990 and 2024, integrating official statistical data with field evidence from Vâlcea County. The analysis reveals a structural paradox: although total pesticide quantities have decreased sharply since 2000, the ecological pressure remains significant, shifting from high-dose fungicidal applications to persistent herbicide use. Herbicides now account for approximately 88.6% of total PPP active substance mass nationally, and 44.3% in Vâlcea County. This “herbicidal risk paradox” illustrates that “less active substance” does not automatically mean “less ecological risk.” A complementary field survey (n = 76) identifies a knowledge–practice gap among farmers, with only 48% regularly using protective equipment. The study concludes that quantitative reduction targets under the EU Farm to Fork Strategy are insufficient without Integrated Pest Management (IPM) adoption and enhanced farmer training.

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE AVIFAUNA IN A FOREST COMPLEX SOUTHWEST OF VARNA CITY

Ivaylo IVANOV — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the study is to clarify the species composition of the avifauna in forest habitats located near Varna city, but outside the boundaries of settlements. These are remote territories, allowing for the exclusion of synanthropic species populations. For this purpose, three relatively large and compact forest areas situated southwest of Varna were investigated. This geographical area is poorly studied, with no previous publicly available data or publications identified. The study areas exhibit considerable similarities regarding the type of forest habitat, including the composition, age, and type of vegetation (broadleaf/coniferous, mixed).
The research employs the transect survey method within the forest territory. The chosen approach encompasses three distinct yet relatively close forest areas, which together provide a clear picture of the species composition across this region. The systematic approach allows for a comprehensive, randomized survey of the avifaunal composition across different types of forest communities. It also serves as a robust foundation for subsequent species-specific studies. The survey was conducted via transects along existing forest roads, which varied in their maintenance level and usage intensity.
This paper presents the findings on species composition, emphasizing the similarities and clarifying the differences observed across the three sub-regions. Given that, in geographical terms, there are no insurmountable barriers to species movement within the study area, it is hypothesized that the variations in the avifaunal species composition are primarily driven by differences in the floristic composition and age structure of the forest habitats.

PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE MEASURES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THE PATHOGEN BOTRYTIS CINEREA IN EGGPLANT CULTIVATION IN GREENHOUSE

Gabriela ȘOVĂREL, Simona HOGEA — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Romanian agricultural research gives special importance to the development of technologies for the cultivation of vegetables grown in ecological agriculture. This paper presents the biological control of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) pathogen on eggplant (Solanum melongena) cultivated in greenhouse, using the following products: Cavaler 600SL (microorganisms Bacillus pumillus and Bacillus subtilis) 0.3%, Amulet (microorganisms Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium) 40 l/ha, Zytron (citrus seed extract 20%) 0.15% and Mimoten (Mimosa tenuifolia 80% extract) 0.3%. The efficacy of biological products varied between 65.9% (Mimoten 3 l/ha) and 90,1% (Amulet 40 l/ha) in controlling this pathogen on leaves and lower efficacy on the fruits with values ranging between 34.3% (Mimoten 0.3%) and 62.2% (Amulet40 l/ha).

THE EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PRUNUS ARMENIACA L. ATTACKED BY STIGMINA CARPOPHILA (LÉV.) M.B. ELLIS

Ion NICOLAE, Luminița BUȘE-DRAGOMIR — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

These researches aim of presenting the effect of fungicides on the physiological processes in Prunus armeniaca L. (Litoral variety) attacked by Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B.Ellis., in Oltenia region. Shot hole disease appears in intensified cool and wet conditions of spring, but can occur and cause damage at any time during prolonged wet weather. The physiological researches were carried out in the leaves of plants after treatments with fungicide and the leaves of plants attacked by the pathogen in which treatments with fungicide have not been performed. In the leaves of the Prunus armeniaca L. plants attacked by the pathogen, in comparison with the leaves of plants after treatments with fungicide, it was found that the physiological processes’ intensity during the day has low values as a result of the harmful action of the pathogen which is manifested by the small reddish or purplish, with yellow halo bordered spots, the centre of which drops out as the spot ages. In the leaves of the plants attacked by the pathogen lower values of water content were recorded, which produces water imbalances, but also lower values of chlorophyll content, which correlates with the intensity of photosynthesis.

HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L. PLANTS IN AN EXPERIMENT WITH INDUCED POLLUTION SOIL IN THE GREEN HOUSE

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents the results of experiments with induced pollution, carried out in the greenhouse, which aimed at the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) in Dactylis glomerata L. plants. The soil material used for the experiments was harvested from an unpolluted area in the Copșa Mică area. The soil has a fine texture, with a weak alkaline reaction, a medium humus content, a medium nitrogen and potassium supply and a high phosphorus content. The heavy metal contents fall within the normal limits according to Order 756/1997 on the assessment of environmental pollution. To carry out the experiments with induced pollution, the soil material was treated with the appropriate amounts of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from their soluble salts (acetate), and for each element 6 experimental variants were established depending on the metal content in the soil.
The results obtained were used to parameterize stochastic models that can be used to estimate the accumulation of heavy metals in Dactylis glomerata L. plants depending on the total and mobile (DTPA) content of metals in the soil. The logarithmic plots for the power regression curves estimating the stochastic dependence between the total and mobile content in the soil and aerial part of Dactylis Glomerata L. plants are distinctly statistically significant.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF KEY TREATMENTS ON BEETLE SPECIES IN SUNFLOWER CROPS

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The observations were made in 2022 in sunflower crops in the western area of Romania, in the town of Adea, Bihor county. In sunflower crops, Barber traps with 2.5% NaCl solution were used, with harvests being carried out periodically between May and October. The collected material was cleaned, preserved and identified in the laboratory.
In variant 1 (conventional system) 428 specimens of 40 species were collected, the richest harvest being the second (123 specimens), and the least the one from 7.08.2022 (8 specimens). The most abundant species were Pterostichus cylindricus, Dermestes laniarius and Pseudophonus pubescens.
In variant 2 (ecological system) 953 specimens of 72 species were collected, with a maximum at the harvest on 12.06.2022 (237 specimens) and a minimum at the harvest on 2.08.2022 (17 specimens). The dominant species were Pseudophonus pubescens, Harmonia axyridis and Pseudophonus griseus.Overall, the organic variant presented a much higher abundance and diversity compared to the conventional variant, confirming the negative impact of chemical treatments on the coleopteran fauna.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE DETERMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL AND QUALITATIVE INDICES OF HYDRAULIC NOZZLES THAT EQUIP SPRAYING MACHINES

Mihnea GLODEANU, Ioan Alexandru SĂRĂCIN — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Obtaining an appropriate effectiveness with minimal expenses of chemical treatments is possible only if they are executed with superior qualitative indices and very precisely in terms of ensuring the stability of the solution norm administered per treated surface unit.
Achieving a biological effectiveness of a spraying treatment is conditioned by ensuring the minimum optimal number of drops per treated surface unit.
The reduction of liquid norms per hectare is possible, however, only under the conditions of maintaining an equal or greater agro-availability of the spraying solution, by using studied spraying systems where the size of the drops can be controlled and directed, as well as their distribution on the plants.
The main objective of the experimental determinations was the determination of some functional and qualitative indices that characterize different types of hydraulic nozzles used in practice.The obtained results will allow a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the treatments carried out with these nozzles, in terms of the biological effect.

CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE REGENERATION OF PEDUNCULATE OAK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.)

Marius-Cristian DRĂGHICI — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper investigates in detail the ecological, silvicultural and socio-economic processes involved in the regeneration of one of the most valuable native forest species. The pedunculate oak, which plays a major role in maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem stability and providing high-quality wood resources, is currently facing a number of difficulties in the regeneration process, especially in lowland areas affected by climate change and anthropogenic pressure.
The study compares natural and artificial regeneration methods applied in the forests of the Oltenia Plain, highlighting the influence of edaphic, climatic and biological factors on the success of regeneration. It addresses in detail competition with invasive or aggressive species, the effects of overgrazing, the fragmentation of forest habitats and changes in the local hydrological regime. It also evaluates various silvicultural interventions, innovative technologies and best practices used to stimulate the regeneration of natural seedling stands and oak crops.
The paper provides an integrated perspective on the dynamics of pedunculate oak regeneration, proposing a set of adaptive strategies aimed at both conserving local genetic resources and expanding the species range through sustainable afforestation and responsible forest management. The research results make significant contributions to the scientific basis for policies on the ecological rehabilitation of oak ecosystems in southern Romania and can serve as a model for other European regions in similar ecological contexts.

SOIL RESILIENCE TO CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER THE IMPACT OF NEW AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES

Amelia ANGHEL, Lavinia BURTAN, Monica DUMITRAȘCU, Mihaela LUNGU, Marian MUȘAT — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper presents the results of physic-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the soil Typical Kastanoziom (SRTS, 2012) in the pedo-climatic conditions of Rîmnicu de Jos, Constanța county (Romania) cultivated using two soil management systems: conventional (classical) and conservative (no-till). Agrophysical profiles were made, from which soil samples were taken (physico-chemical on predetermined depths of 5-10 cm; 25-30 cm and 45-50 cm). The analyses and determinations carried out are in accordance with the standardized methodology commonly used in the ICPA Laboratories and those of the County Offices for Pedological and Agrochemical Studies. No-till is more effective in preserving humus reserves, which is beneficial for long-term soil health and fertility. Bulk density (DAwi g / cm3) in the no-till technology works decreases with depth (the soil is unattached on the first depths – and on the last depth, the soil is very loose), compared to the classical technology where on the depth of 25-30 cm appears a slight compaction. No-till technology improves the chemical characteristics and fertility of the soil, compared to classical (conventional) technology, which can lead to soil alkalization. The implementation of no-till technology seems to greatly increase the resistance of the soil to penetration, which may indicate a better compaction or a more stable structure of the dusty clay soil, which is important for certain crops or for the stability of the land.

EXPRESSIVITY OF THE MAIN QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN THE PEPPER VARIETY IȘALNIȚA 85 V ON THE SANDY SOILS OF SCDCPN DĂBULENI

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) is an important and valuable legume species, cultivated worldwide. Bell pepper is used for culinary purposes, but can also be consumed fresh or used as a spice or food coloring.
In Romania, bell peppers are the fourth most important crop in terms of production, after cabbage, tomato and onion. In Romania, peppers are mainly grown by small farmers to ensure a sustainable livelihood. The Dăbuleni Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on the Sands (SCDCPN) has been studying numerous vegetable species, including bell peppers, since 1959. At SCDCPN Dăbuleni, the breeding activity for bell peppers aims to maintain our own varieties at the quantitative and qualitative parameters at the time of homologation, but also to create new varieties by using local populations in the breeding process. The aim of this work was to study the expressiveness of the main characteristics of the bell pepper variety Ișalnița 85 V, over a period of 3 years. The bell pepper variety Ișalnița 85 V was subjected to an analysis of the variability of the main quantitative characters of the fruits: fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (cm), pericarp thickness (mm) and I.F (shape index). Currently, the variety is in a process of conservative selection and it is important to evaluate the expressiveness of the main characteristics in order to maintain it within optimal parameters and, at the same time, to preserve the purity of the variety.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MYCELIAL ISOLATES BELONGING TO SOME VALUABLE EDIBLE/MEDICINAL MACROMYCETES COLLECTED FROM THE SPONTANEOUS MYCOBIOTA

Alexandru Valentin ZĂGREAN, Gabriela ȘOVĂREL — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A number of 18 wild mycelial isolates were obtained from sporocarps of edible/medicinal macromycetes collected from the spontaneous mycobiota of natural habitats in various areas/regions of Romania – the counties of Argeș, Covasna, Giurgiu, Ilfov, Ialomița, Prahova, and Bucharest. The isolates belong to different species of basidiomycetes (9) and ascomycetes (1) with significant nutritional, gastronomic, and/or therapeutic value. The mycelia were evaluated in vitro for morphological and cultural characteristics on three types of different agar media – malt extract (MEA), potato extract (PDA), and compost extract (MECA). The growth and morphology of the colonies highlighted differences between isolates belonging to different species, these characteristics being a useful support in assessing taxonomic affiliation and in maintaining the identity of pure mycelium cultures.
Isolates of the species Pleurotus ostreatus (7) were subsequently checked for growth characteristics in a comparative test on MEA and PDA media and on the granular substrate specific to that used for producing seeding mycelium (spawn). The malt extract agar medium (MEA) promoted higher growth of the mycelia of wild Pleurotus ostreatus strains than the potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). The isolates Po1Br, Po4V, Po6M and Po7B recorded the highest growth rates on both agar media and the granular wheat grain substrate.

THE EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN SYRINGA VULGARIS L. ATTACKED BY ERISIPHE SYRINGAE SCHWEIN.

Ion NICOLAE, Luminița BUȘE-DRAGOMIR — Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Researches regarding the effect of some fungicides on the physiological processes were performed on Syringa vulgaris L. attacked by Erisiphe syringae Schwein., in Oltenia region. This causes powdery mildew, a common fungal disease on leaves, young branches, and occasionally on fruits, of various agricultural and ornamental plants. The physiological researches were carried out in the leaves of plants after treatments with fungicide and the leaves of plants attacked by the pathogen in which treatments with fungicide have not been performed. In the leaves of the plants attacked by the pathogen, in comparison with the leaves of plants after treatments with fungicide, it was observed that the physiological processes’ intensity during the day has lower values as a result of the formation of a fine mycelium felt on the surface of the leaves, under which the tissues turn brown, the leaves distortion, wilting and drying out. In the leaves of the Syringa vulgaris L. attacked by the pathogen there were recorded lower values of chlorophyll content, fact which correlates with the intensity of photosynthesis.

APPLICATION OF INTERACTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING HEALTHY LIFESTYLE SKILLS

Rositsa DAVIDOVA, Bilyana BOYCHEVA — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study is part of an experiment aimed at identifying the possibilities for application and the effectiveness of certain interactive teaching methods in “Biology and Health Education” for the purpose of students’ health education. Interactive methods suitable for the lesson aims have been selected from the sections "Kingdom Fungi" and "Kingdom Animals" and methodological variants have been applied at different stages of the macrostructure of the lessons. They have been tested through real teaching activities, and we found that students were interested in the studied health-related problems, and that they were willing to participate and actively involved when taught by means of interactive methods.

POLICY AND GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND ROMANIA

Anđela VASIĆ, Cristian Mihai ENESCU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides a comparative assessment of the newest policy frameworks and practical implementations of sustainable forest management (SFM) in Romania and the Republic of Serbia. Both countries share similar biogeographical conditions shaped by the Carpathian Mountains and Danube Basin but differ in institutional frameworks and levels of European Union (EU) integration. The research used a comparative, analytical, and normative approach, drawing on national forest inventories, FAO and UNECE reports, and national legislation to assess forest structure, ownership, afforestation and regeneration trends, policy implementation, and measures addressing illegal logging. The findings indicate that Romania’s forest cover consists predominantly of natural high forests (94.7%), whereas in Serbia, most forest stands are classified as coppice formations (65.17%). Romania exhibits greater institutional and regulatory coherence, supported by EU mechanisms such as SUMAL 2.0 and updated forestry legislation (Law no. 331/2024), which enhance transparency and monitoring. Serbia’s framework, constrained by outdated legislation (Law on Forests, 2010), limited enforcement, and weak monitoring systems, is improving through gradual policy harmonization and international projects support. Both countries continue to face challenges related to illegal logging, fragmented ownership, and low community engagement. The paper concludes that achieving sustainable progress in forestry requires adaptive policymaking, technological modernization, and stronger institutional cooperation to align national governance with European and global sustainability standards.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES FROM SUGAR BEET PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY BY SEDIMENTATION

Mihnea GLODEANU, Ion SĂRĂCIN, Adina GLODEANU — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Wastewater from the food industry is characterized by major changes in quality indicators, and their discharge into the natural water cycle causes contamination of the receiving basin. The most important categories of wastewater from sugar beet processing technology (in terms of quantity and quality) are represented by: wastewater resulting from the transport and washing of raw materials; wastewater resulting from the diffusion and pressing process; condensation water. Wastewater from the diffusion and pressing process is characterized by a high nutrient content. The discharge of these wastewaters into a receiving river can cause its rapid siltation, followed by rapid oxygen consumption. Due to the high temperatures specific to this category of wastewater, the discharge area in particular is likely to be completely devoid of oxygen. This process can also be accompanied by anaerobic fermentations (generating a specific unpleasant smell), as well as the development of biocenoses specific to dirty water. A first step in the treatment of wastewater from sugar beet processing technology consists of its decantation (in order to remove suspended matter). with or without coagulation. The process is carried out using decanters which can be: horizontal, vertical, radial or multi-stage. As a rule, vertical or radial decanters are used, which require a smaller installation space.

IMPACT OF DROUGHT AND EXTREME HEAT ON SUNFLOWER SEED YIELD

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is generally considered moderately resistant to drought conditions. However, in years characterized by low rainfall and high air temperatures, significant reductions in seed yield can occur. At the Fundulea location in south eastern Romania, the year 2024 was marked by drought and extreme heat, resulting in low seed yields among the 15 tested sunflower hybrids. Yields ranged from 611 kg/ha for hybrid H5E in the ExpressSun system to 1,299 kg/ha for hybrid H10CLP in the Clearfield Plus system. In contrast, more favourable climatic conditions in 2025 led to substantially higher yields, ranging from 1,579 kg/ha for hybrid H2E (ExpressSun) to 3,046 kg/ha for hybrid H11CLP (Clearfield Plus). These results demonstrate the pronounced impact of extreme heat and drought, particularly during the flowering and seed-filling phenophases, which are the most sensitive stages of sunflower development. Stress occurring in these phases limits pollination efficiency, seed set, and oil accumulation, ultimately leading to significant yield reductions.

OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE COLEOPTERAN FAUNA IN MAIZE CROPS DEPENDING ON THE CHEMICAL TREATMENTS APPLIED AGAINST PESTS

Mihai TĂLMACIU, Monica HEREA, Renata SIPOS, Liviu PRISACARIU, Nela TĂLMACIU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research was conducted in a maize crop located in the area of Adea, Bihor County, in 2022.For the collection of entomological material, Barber-type soil traps were used, each containing a 2.5% NaCl solution for preserving and killing the captured insects.
A total of 24 traps were used—12 traps for each of the two experimental variants. Each variant included three repetitions, each repetition consisting of four traps.
The two experimental variants were:
- Variant 1 – chemical treatments were applied against pests (seed treatments and foliar treatments as needed), representing a conventional system.
- Variant 2 – no chemical treatments were applied against pests, neither on seeds nor vegetation (ecological system).
The collected material was labeled by variants and repetitions, with only the species of coleoptera being selected, which were then preserved until species determination in a solution of sanitary alcohol that was diluted to a concentration of 20%.Species identification was carried out using specialized identification guides.The collected coleopteran species belonged to the following families: Carabidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae, etc.Some of the most important representatives of these families were: Pseudophonus pubescens, Pseudophonus griseus, Pterostichus cylindricus, Pterostichus niger, Harmonia axyridis, Coccinella 10-punctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Adalia bipunctata, Pentodon idiota, Chrysomela haemoptera, etc.

RESEARCH REGARDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF MOUNTAIN MEADOWS IN RANCA AREA, GORJ COUNTY

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Our country has 4.82 million hecare of meadows, of which 3.34 million are used by grazing. Gorj County is occupied by meadows on almost half of the surface, the meadows in the mountain area being the most intensely exploited. The Rânca area is positioned at altitudes of 1350-1680 m, in the upper part of the boreal floor. The average annual temperature is about 5°C, and the rainfall exceeds 1,000 mm annually. Under these conditions, on these surfaces were installed meadows ecosystems with limited potential of production and quality of feed, such as those of Nardus stricta L.. The research carried out in the agricultural year 2024-2025, within the Research base of the mountain meadows belonging the University of Craiova, Faculty of Agronomy, aimed at quantification of the effect of different types of fertilizers on the biodiversity, productivity and quality of the feed on a Nardus stricta L. meadow. Ferilization with complex solids mineral fertilizers, NPK type, led to an increase in the percentage of grasses species and a decrease in the varous species and to an increase in the production and feed quality of Nardus stricta L., meadow. Also, fertilization efficiency had the maximum value in thys case.

TWO-YEAR SURVIVAL ASSESSMENT OF OAK (QUERCUS L.) SEEDLINGS IN AN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM AT HORTINOVA NURSERY, CÂRCEA (DOLJ COUNTY)

Cristian Mihai ENESCU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Agroforestry integrates trees, crops, and/or livestock to provide ecological and economic benefits, and its importance has grown in recent decades, particularly in fragile environments like Southern Oltenia, Romania. This region faces increasing aridization, deforestation, and soil degradation, although remnant oak-dominated forests persist and several autochthonous oak species remain ecologically significant. The aim of this study was to assess the survival of four oak species within an agroforestry system at HortiNova Nursery after the second growing season. The experimental plot covered 1.15 ha and included 20 square plots, with plot no. 2 planted in November 2023 with 275 container-grown oak seedlings (135 pedunculate, 65 Turkey, 38 sessile, and 37 red oaks) intercropped with onions in 2024 and maize in 2025. Seedling survival was monitored at the end of each growing season, while temperature, relative humidity, and soil properties (pH, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) were recorded and analyzed. During the period from April 1 to September 15, 2025, air temperatures ranged from 1.57°C to 42.74°C (mean 22.02 ± 7.84°C) and relative humidity fluctuated between 16.45% and 89.34% (mean 54.86 ± 19.26%), with slightly higher variability compared to 2024. Soil conditions were suboptimal (pH 5.83, low humus, moderate nutrients), and oak seedling mortality in plot no. 2 was recorded as 19 pedunculate, 8 Turkey, 10 sessile, and 2 red oaks out of 275 planted.

OLT COUNTY – SUNFLOWER PRODUCER AT NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL

Dragoș-Mihai MEDELETE, Radu-Lucian PÂNZARU, Cristi-Dorel MORARU — Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sunflower is the main oilseed crop in Romania. The species justifies its interest in practicing it through its multiple uses: food, industrial, fodder, technological, export and profit-making. Analyzing the situation of this crop, in the case of Olt County, is justified by the agricultural potential of the respective county, which has a total area of 549,828 ha, an agricultural area of 436,515 ha and an arable area of 390,336 ha. Under these conditions, sunflower occupied 69,661.71 ha, which represents 15.96% of the agricultural area and 17.85% of the cultivated arable area. At the national level, Olt County held, on average (for the period 2017-2023), 6.31% of the cultivated area (1,103,719.86 ha), and at the regional level 38.14% (182,661.86 ha).
Olt County obtained 174,459 t of sunflower, which determines a share of 6.55% at national level (2,661,881.86 t) and 38.07% at regional level (458,195.14 t) – the second producer after Dolj County. The average production per hectare was 2,557 kg, at county level, which makes Olt exceed the national level (2,418 kg) by 5.75% and the regional level (2,539 kg) by 0.71%.
Based on the specificity of Olt County, it can be considered an important sunflower producer at the regional level under conditions of a convenient level of capitalization, especially for medium and large-sized producers, but the negative influence of the climatic factor must be reduced.

HEALTHY STATUS OF THE APPLE THREE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) ORCHARDS IN THE RUSCIORI DIDACTIC AND RESEARCH FARM, SIBIU COUNTY

Alexandra-Mihaela NAGY, Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE, Mihai-Radu POP, Ioan PĂȘCĂNUȚ — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The maintenance of healthy status of a didactic apple tree orchard is very important for teaching students as well as for research purposes. Fungal diseases represent a significant threat to apple tree orchards, affecting both yield and fruit quality. The scope of this study was to evaluate the phytosanitary status of two apple orchards in the Rusciori Didactic and Research Farm, Sibiu County, for 2024 season, focusing on fruit brown rot caused by Monilinia fructigena (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey.
Thus, an old apple orchard (i.e. planted in 1960) and a new one (i.e. planted in 2019) were investigated. The analysis of our results proved that the older orchard was more susceptible, with an infection rate of 43.58%, an intensity of 11.21%, and a damage degree of 4.39%, compared to the new orchard where accordingly were recorded 15.40%, 2.86%, and 0.28%.
Our preliminary study results support the idea that the age of apple tree can be a determinant factor for susceptibility to these diseases, that can be enhanced by some relevant environmental factors. Thus, it can be considered that high humidity, optimal temperatures range (15–25°C), and wind, may favour pathogen development, especially during the fruit ripening period. Preventive treatments applied within the framework of integrated disease management effectively reduced infection rates and consequently economic losses, particularly for the young orchard. Our preliminary study results highlight that the old orchard may act as primary inoculum sources, emphasizing the importance of cultural hygiene and timely interventions.

ASPECTS CONCERNING THE COMPENSATION OF GEODESIC NETWORKS FREE OF GEOMETRIC GEODESIC LEVEL IN THE NORMAL SYSTEM

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Determining precise elevations by geometric leveling is a fundamental component in geodesy, civil engineering and cadastre.
In Romania, the gradual transition to the normal elevation system, compatible with the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS), requires the application of modern methods for compensating geodetic networks.
Free leveling networks are characterized by the absence of a point with fixed elevation, which requires special methodologies for numerical stabilization and additional conditioning to obtain a unique solution.
The article analyzes the principles of normal elevations, the necessary gravimetric corrections, the mathematical model of free networks, as well as compensation methods such as LSQ, the Hansen–Helmert–Wolf method and SVD.
A simplified numerical example, the interpretation of the compensated results and the advantages of using the normal system in current geodetic practice are presented. The paper reveals the central role of normal gravity, adjusted weights and regularization in ensuring the stability of the solution.
Finally, the implications for Romanian networks and the prospects for alignment with EVRS are discussed.
The altitude system used is the orthometric-spheroidal system, used in the past in Romania, which uses the geoid as a reference surface.

UAV, PHOTOGRAMMETRY, GIS, AND DIGITAL TWIN IN AGRICULTURE – A THEORETICAL APPROACH

Gheorghe VANGU, Alin CROITORU, Marius MILUȚ, Irina CROITORU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid advancement of remote sensing and spatial analysis technologies has led to a profound transformation of agricultural practices, fostering the transition toward precision, sustainable, and resource-efficient agriculture. In this context, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools for acquiring high-resolution data, which, through advanced photogrammetric processes, can be converted into complex geospatial products—orthophotos, digital terrain models (DTMs), and detailed three-dimensional models. The integration of these products into geographic information systems (GIS) facilitates spatial and temporal analyses of agricultural crops, providing decision support for integrated farm management. Furthermore, the evolution toward the concept of the agricultural Digital Twin enables the creation of dynamic digital replicas of fields and crops, updated in real time with data collected from UAVs, IoT sensors, and satellite sources. These models allow the simulation of agronomic scenarios, optimization of irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection processes, as well as the prediction of yield performance.
This paper presents an integrated analysis of how UAVs, photogrammetry, GIS, and Digital Twin technologies can be combined into a coherent workflow for data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, with a particular focus on their applicability in agriculture. The discussion addresses technical advantages, implementation challenges, and future research directions concerning the standardization and interoperability of these technologies. The conclusions highlight the significant potential of these tools to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and promote a sustainable, data-driven agricultural paradigm.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION WITH AUTOCAD OF THE FUNCTIONING OF VEGETABLE REMAINS SHREDDERS

Cristian VASILE, Gabriel BĂDESCU, Mihail Mihail — Wed, 31 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Agricultural work is considered the oldest human occupation, being determined mainly by the need for insurance of the food necessary for survival. The positive evolution of human civilization has generated an increase and diversification of food needs, thus contributing to the improvement of work techniques and the modernization of tools and equipment used in agriculture. One of the current scientific research topics in the agricultural field is related to the problem of clearing land of vegetable remains by cutting, chopping and then uniformly distributing the chopped material on the soil surface in order to ensure optimal conditions for carrying out agricultural work necessary for the future crop on that land. This article presents a mathematical modeling of the operation of a vegetable remains shredder, which aims to permanently verify the characteristic working parameters in accordance with the optimal values indicated by the manufacturers of these machinerys. The equations of the mathematical model allow the calculation of the desired working parameters at different time intervals, for certain values of the machinery's travel speed or drum rotation speed. A scale graphic representation of the cutting elements is also made, as well as a graphic simulation of the operation of the vegetable remains shredders. For this, the facilities offered by the commands in AutoCAD are used, which is a computer application that allows drawing and graphic design aided by computer.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR A FAMILY ORCHARD

Mihai-Radu POP — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents a comparative analysis of two distinct methods for assessing a family orchard located in the Mediaș area, Sibiu County, Romania. The first method adopts a land–legal perspective, viewing the orchard as lacking economic value and classifying it as a collection of scattered fruit trees. The second method applies economic principles and internationally recognized valuation techniques, assigning the orchard a value ranging between 3,120 and 9,652.5 RON, and identifying a significant value increase for the land.
The analysis highlights the advantages and limitations of each approach, emphasizing their relevance to current societal needs and the sustainable management of small-scale agricultural systems.

ASPECTS REGARDING THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE, OLTENIA AREA

Gabriel BĂDESCU, Emilia CONSTANTINESCU, Mihail SUSINSKI, Gabriel TĂNASIE — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Remote sensing is an efficient and modern tool for identifying agricultural crops and their evolution over a year or a longer period. The paper presents the use of European software, in this case LEOWORKS 4.0, which is free and can be used especially in scientific research and education, but also Snap software. With its help, various supervised or unsupervised reports or classifications can be made.
In agriculture in general, various phenomena can occur, from drought to torrential rains, and these can be highlighted with the help of satellite remote sensing recordings. A case study is presented in the OLTENIA area, with the help of the LEOWORKS 4.0 software and the Snap software of the European Space Agency, with the help of supervised and unsupervised classification and many aspects that can lead to a better organization in the field of agriculture and in the study of agricultural crops, of agricultural works.
The use of remote sensing, combined with the use of drones and photogrammetry (lidar, terrestrial laser scanning) and GNSS and geographic information systems solves any problem in terms of monitoring and identifying agricultural crops and their evolution over a year or a longer period.

DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND THROUGH UAV–GIS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURE 5.0

Gheorghe Marian VANGU, Alin CROITORU, Irina CROITORU, Cristian Emil IONICĂ — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of global challenges related to agricultural sustainability and resource-use efficiency, 3D mapping technologies based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become essential tools for planning precision agricultural operations. This article examines the potential of UAV platforms equipped with photogrammetric and LiDAR sensors to generate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and Digital Elevation Models (DEM), which have direct applications in optimizing irrigation, drainage, land-leveling, and variable-rate seeding systems. The study highlights the role of integrating these 3D models into Geographic Information Systems (GIS), enabling advanced spatial analysis and data-driven decision-making. Through concrete examples of UAV–GIS workflows, the advantages of interoperability between digital platforms and modern agricultural machinery are emphasized.
Furthermore, the article positions this technology within the transition from Agriculture 4.0—focused on automation and data acquisition—to Agriculture 5.0, an emerging paradigm that leverages artificial intelligence, human–machine collaboration, and ecological sustainability. In this context, 3D mapping contributes to the development of intelligent, resilient, and forward-looking agriculture, where decisions are guided by high-resolution geospatial data. Finally, the paper provides a critical assessment of the benefits, limitations, and challenges associated with the large-scale adoption of these technologies, proposing future research directions and implementation models tailored to both Romanian and international agricultural contexts.

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CADASTRE, LAND LEGISLATION AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS: A CASE STUDY OF HOGHILAG COMMUNE, SIBIU COUNTY, ROMANIA

Mihai Radu POP, Ioan PĂȘCĂNUȚ, Alexandra-Mihaela NAGY — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper explores the interactions between systematic cadastre, land legislation, and their economic implications for the land market, focusing on a case study of Hoghilag Commune, Sibiu County, Romania.
The research integrates theoretical and empirical perspectives to highlight how cadastral registration and land law frameworks influence agricultural land value and leasing practices. The study is grounded in Romanian national legislation, the methodology of the State Domains Agency (ADS), and statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INS), complemented by previous research on land leasing and systematic cadastre. Mathematical models are employed to calculate rent values and economic losses, correlated with wheat price quotations and the euro/leu exchange rate.
The findings emphasize the importance of accurate cadastral data and coherent legal mechanisms in ensuring transparency and efficiency in the agricultural land market, as well as in supporting informed decision-making for local and national land management policies.

VALORIZATION OF TRADITIONAL ROMANIAN PRODUCTS FROM THE OLTENIA REGION, IN THE MODERN FOOD INDUSTRY

Marius VLADU, Daniel Valeriu ULIU, Cristina Emanuela VLADU — Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper analyzes the process of valorization of Romanian traditional products in the context of the modern food industry, taking the Oltenia region as a case study. The research starts from the premise that traditional products represent not only a component of the national gastronomic and cultural heritage, but also an important economic resource for the sustainable development of the rural environment.
The main purpose of the study is to highlight the evolution, diversity and distribution of certified traditional products in Oltenia during the period 2020–2025, as well as recent trends in their adaptation to the requirements of the contemporary food market. The research material was compiled based on official data provided by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the county agricultural directorates, with a total of 42 certified traditional products analyzed — 29 in 2020 and 13 in 2021–2025. The method used was the statistical-descriptive analysis of products by county and by food category.
The results obtained show that Vâlcea County holds a dominant position within the region, with 23 certified products (approximately 55% of the regional total), followed by Gorj (8 products) and Olt (5 products). From a structural point of view, the “meat and meat products” category predominates, representing approximately 62% of the total products, confirming the Oltenia gastronomic specificity. In the following years, a sharp diversification of the portfolio is observed, through the appearance of artisanal beverages (19%), dairy products (7%) and those made from vegetables and fruits (7%). This evolution reflects the adaptation of local producers to modern consumption trends, oriented towards natural, authentic and sustainable products.The study highlights the fact that the Oltenia region has a considerable potential for economic and touristic valorization of traditional products, and their promotion and certification represent a strategic direction for the sustainable development of rural space and the consolidation of Romanian cultural identity.

USING NOVEL EXTRACTS FROM CARROT RESIDUES AND BY-PRODUCTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALUABLE FUNCTIONAL FOODS

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Even if there are certain EU development programs, agri-food resources are used today without an adequate strategy in terms of food safety and regional/state food security.
Significant volumes of edible parts of agri-food products are lost - increasing food waste, in conditions where certain climate changes and possible economic crises may block the recovery of some production systems.
Moreover, promoting a circular economy, recovering valuable bio-compounds from certain agri-food products and using them in the development of functional foods, could contribute to sustainable development and increased life expectancy.
The paper presents a case study that highlights how a series of valuable bio-compounds (less used today) can be recovered from agri-food products and used within innovative eco-friendly technologies - in the development of functional foods beneficial to the consumer's health.
Using non-polluting and efficient methods, innovative technologies were obtained that led to the production of food supplements with real effects in certain metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome). Technologies that used electro-chemical, bio-chemical and spectral analysis methods (SFE, AAS, UV-VIS, analysis of the activity of some oxidoreductases, bio-membrane activation techniques) produced outstanding results reaching a validated TRL5 level.
As a result of the application of these technologies, safe and innocuous food supplements and functional foods were obtained from previously unused by-products

ASPECTS CONCERNING THE STATE OF THE HEALTH SECTOR AT THE LEVEL OF NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS ROSCI0045 JIUL CORRIDOR, ROSPA0010 BISTREȚ AND NATURE RESERVES DRĂNIC FOSSIL SITE-2391 AND THE ZĂVAL FOREST- IV.33+A6

Radu-Lucian PANZARU, Dragoș-Mihai MEDELETE, Mariana NICULESCU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper refers to some defining aspects of the medical sector for the Protected Areas ROSCI0045 Jiu Corridor, ROSPA0010 Bistreț and the Natural Reservations Locul Fosilifer Drănic-2391 and Pădurea Zăval- IV.33+A6, based on three particular indicators: health units (numerical), existing beds in health units (numerical) and medical and health personnel (numerical). The previously mentioned protected areas refer to 56 UATs (37 from Dolj County, 17 from Gorj County, one from Mehedinți County, one from Olt County).
The number of healthcare units increased from 2,023 in 2017 to 2,254 in 2021, the patient accommodation capacity increased from 3,988 to 4,793 beds, for the entire area, and the number of medical and healthcare personnel increased from 9,497 to 10,612 employees.
By providing adequate health services, the impact on fragile ecosystems can be reduced and an attitude of respect and care for the natural environment can be promoted. The large number of health facilities and the variety of types of health facilities within the protected area are essential for ensuring access to quality health care, protecting the health and well-being of the population, and conserving the environment.

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS BASED ON BLACK TEA

Constantin BUTOI, Alexandra Ioana IONESCU, Petre SAVESCU — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Consumers are increasingly demanding functional foods on the market due to growing awareness of the close link between diet and health. The development of functional foods has made considerable progress in recent years, and interest in this type of food is growing because, in addition to their nutritional value, they also have beneficial effects on human health.
Black tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Its chemical composition is notable for its high content of polyphenolic compounds, such as theaflavins and thearubigins, as well as amino acids, alkaloids (especially caffeine), and essential minerals. The main redox processes that take place are primarily the oxidation of catechins—phenolic compounds present in fresh leaves—which lead to the formation of thearubigins and theaflavins. Experiment has demonstrated a clear correlation between the activity of some natural and synthetic sweeteners and the change in the concentrations of oxidized and reduced forms of some redox agents. The aim of the research is to identify the changes produced in the specific redox processes of these supplements. The best experimental variant was the one that produced the fewest redox imbalances. Two optimal variants were selected for both consumers without health problems and consumers with health problems, such as diabetics.

STUDY OF THE COLEOPTERA (CERAMBYCIDAE AND LUCANIDAE) FOUND IN THE AMARADIA RIVER BASIN

Laurențiu NICULESCU, Mariana NICULESCU — Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The territory under study is located in the Amaradia river basin, between the localities of Roșia de Amaradia and Craiova. The Amaradia River is a watercourse that rises from Seciurile Hills in the territory of the Roșia de Amaradia locality in Gorj County. It flows into the Jiu River upstream of the municipality of Craiova. This area has been of particular interest for research over time, due to the characteristics listed previously. The vegetation in the Amaradia basin is characteristic of the Oltenia Plain and Getic Piedmont, respectively the main unit it crosses called the Jiu Hills, with some particularities conferred by relief, altitude, climate, nature of rocks and soil. So, the researched area totals 300 km², is individualized both by the presence of zonal and azonal soils, but also by the high temperatures and the low amount of precipitation recorded during the warm period of the year Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802, is an important family of Coleoptera consisting of about 36,300 species in more than 5,300 genera and eight subfamilies (Tavakilian, 2015; Monne et al., 2017), spread over all continents except Antarctica (Linsley, 1959). The long antennae present in most species, has generated the common name longicorns, longhorns, longicorn beetles (Monne et al., 2017). In Romania, the first mentions of Cerambycidae species date from the end of the 19th century in Transylvania, when Seidlitz published in 1891 Fauna Transsylvanica with identification keys for the 173 species known at that time (Panin & Săvulescu, 1961). The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of cerambycid biodiversity in the Amaradia river basin area and to highlight their taxonomic and biogeographical aspects. Following research in the forest habitats of the Amaradia river basin, we have identified a large number of species of the Coleoptera (Cerambycidae and Lucanidae). In the research area of this forest the most common species are: Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758), Morimus asper funereus (Mulsant, 1863), Plagionotus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Chlorophorus varius (Müller, 1766), Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773), Cerambyx cerdo (Linnaeus 1758), Stenopterus rufus (Linnaeus, 1767), Saperda (Lopezcolonia) scalaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Stenurella (Nigrostenurella) nigra (Linnaeus, 1758), Stenurella bifasciata (Müller, 1776). From a taxonomic point of view, they consist of 8 genera, included in 6 tribes and 3 subfamilies.

VALORIZATION OF BERRY BY-PRODUCTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FUNCTIONAL FOODS

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper presents ways to utilize by-products resulting from the processing of berries, especially billberry, blackcurrant and blackberry pomace, for the development of functional food products. The study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, as well as the use of these by- products in various food matrices, such as fruit leather (pestil) and bakery products. The results highlighted the high potential of pomace powders as a functional ingredient rich in fiber, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, contributing to the production of food products with superior nutritional and functional value.

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STRONG ANTIOXIDANT FUNCTIONAL FOOD BASED ON GREEN TEA

Alexandra-Ioana IONESCU, Constantin BUTOI, Petre SĂVESCU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, there has been an increasing tendency amongst consumers to select functional food and beverages. This phenomenon can be attributed to the various properties of these foods, as well as the increasing demand among consumers for products that support a busy lifestyle and address health concerns.
Green tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which originates from Asia. The leaves are rich in the antioxidants chlorophyll and polyphenols due to their lack of oxidation and minimal processing. The following properties have been attributed to the green tea: beneficial effects on the circulatory system, improved heart function, prevention of atherosclerosis and obesity, and anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. The majority of these are attributable to the presence of biologically active substances in tea leaves, predominantly polyphenolic compounds, as well as alkaloids (theobromine, theophylline and caffeine) and theanine. Green tea contains a large number of NAD- and FMN-dependent enzymes and it is essential for food engineers and innovative product developers to study how these enzymes behave under tea additive conditions. The aim of this paper is to successfully find which sweeteners have the minimum impact on the antioxidant activity in a sweetened green tea functional beverage.

COMPARATIVE SENSORY ANALYSIS OF APRICOT YOGURTS MARKETED ON THE ROMANIAN MARKET

Cristina Emanuela VLADU, Daniel Valeriu ULIU, Marius VLADU — Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper presents the comparative sensory analysis of three apricot yogurt varieties sold on the Romanian market – Danone Delicios, Artesana and Danone Casa Bună – using the descriptive method and the five-level scoring scale method for evaluating the main organoleptic characteristics. The results obtained indicate the existence of significant sensory differences between the analyzed products. Artesana yogurt recorded the most favorable ratings, being characterized by an intense natural apricot flavor, jam flavor and consistency specific to artisanal products. Danone Delicios assortment presented a fine curd and a yellow-orange color determined by the use of natural dyes, obtaining a good sensory profile, although inferior to that recorded by the Artesana product. In contrast, Danone Casa Bună yogurt was distinguished by a very firm curd, excessive whey separation, white-pink color uncharacteristic of the fruit and a predominantly synthetic taste, corresponding to an addition of only 2% apricot and the presence of artificial flavors, thus being the least appreciated of the varieties. The comparative price analysis highlighted the concordance between commercial positioning and perceived sensory quality: the premium product achieved the best results, and the low-cost product recorded the lowest performance. The study highlights the role of composition, manufacturing technology and labeling in determining the sensory profile of fruit yogurts.

INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN COWS DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF MILKINGS PER DAY

Mugurel COLĂ, Florica COLĂ — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The herd of Holstein cows, either daughters of cows inseminated with semen from non-pedigree bulls (control group) or daughters of pedigree bulls (experimental group), were randomly selected to be milked twice or three times a day. Amount of dry matter (DM), live weight (BW), milk production yield (FCM), milk fat content (FM) were recorded for two lactations. In general, cows in the experimental group produced more milk (P<.0l) than those in the control group and cows milked 3 times a day produced more milk than those milked 2 times a day (P<.0l). Actual milk production was greater (P<.0l) for both groups during the second lactation than during the first lactation. However, the average increase in FCM yield from the first to the second lactation was only about 12% for cows milked twice and 5% for cows milked 3 times. The experimental group of cows gave approximately 25% - 30% more milk during the first and second lactations than the control group cows. Dry matter consumed, regardless of body weight or milk fat percentage, was increased in the experimental group for milk yield. Milk production per DM unit was higher for cows in the experimental group than for the control group at 30, 90 and 200 days postpartum (DPP).
Milking three times a day increased the total milk yield by 14% and 6% during the first and second lactation, respectively.

INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND COLD STORAGE ON THE CULINARY QUALITY OF ROMANIAN POTATO VARIETIES

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Genotypic variability among potato cultivars leads to significant differences in cooking behavior, and changes in culinary quality traits of potato genotypes during extended low-temperature storage are also of significant interest. In 2024, twelve potato varieties developed at NIRDPSB Brașov were evaluated for their boiling behaviour and the variability of culinary quality characteristics after 150 days of storage at 4°C. Sensory analysis of boiled tubers allowed the classification of the varieties into culinary use types AB, B, and BC, based on their tendency to disintegrate during boiling, flesh consistency, and moisture content. Extended storage led to changes in the sensory qualities of boiled tubers, particularly by reducing their appearance, decreasing mealiness and flavor intensity, and enhancing the flesh color. Except for Darilena and Cezarina varieties, for which the culinary use type index remained unchanged, the other varieties showed slight variations after storage, generally in a decrease direction. Nonetheless, these changes resulted in a reclassification of the culinary type only for the Sarmis, Cosiana, and Azaria varieties.

CRISPR/Cas9 FOR IMPROVING CROPS QUALITY TRAITS: A PROMISING APPROACH FOR HUMAN HEALTH

Dorina BONEA, Ioana - Mihaela BONEA — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Continued population growth puts increasing pressure on agriculture. Although increasing crop yields remains an important goal of breeding programs, increasing attention is being paid globally to the nutritional quality of crops, which is important for human health. Conventional breeding to achieve this goal is time-consuming, expensive and laborious, but recent advances in genome editing technology offer a valuable alternative to these problems. CRISPR/Cas9 is one of the most successful genome editing tools (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020), which allows precise and effective manipulation of genes in a living organism. In this paper, we summarize the main advances achieved in agriculture through CRISPR/Cas9, to improve crop quality (elimination of toxic compounds and allergens, enrichment with anthocyanins, extension of shelf life, etc.). We also presented their benefits for human health, as well as their regulation at the global level. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 has immense potential in advancing the nutritional quality of crops and therefore, in promoting human health and food security.

SUSTAINABLE CONTROL STRATEGIES IN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT STRIPE RUST– AN OVERVIEW

Mirela PARASCHIVU, Otilia COTUNA, Alex Emanuel PRIVANTU — Sun, 28 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting wheat production globally. Its epidemic potential, capacity for rapid genetic evolution, and ability to cause significant yield losses make it a persistent threat to global food security. Traditional management approaches, primarily reliant on resistant cultivars and fungicide applications, have been challenged by the emergence of new virulent pathogen races and issues of fungicide resistance. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop and implement sustainable control strategies as part of integrated management systems for wheat stripe rust. Such approaches must balance efficacy, economic viability, environmental stewardship, and social acceptability. This paper provides an in-depth overview of sustainable control strategies within integrated management frameworks for wheat stripe rust, synthesizing recent advances in plant pathology, crop management, energy systems, sustainability science, and digital agriculture. By drawing on cross-disciplinary insights, especially from energy management, industrial process control, and sustainability integration in business and agricultural systems, this review elucidates how innovation in control strategies can address the multifaceted challenges posed by wheat stripe rust.