"Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series "

STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE MEASURES IN MEHEDINTI COUNTY

Veronica LUNGU — 2024-01-06

Agro-environment represents an important point on the agenda of the European Union, with significant funds being allocated to support activities that involve environmental protection. The main pawns in carrying out the environmental policies are the farmers, in their capacity as beneficiaries of these aids, which is why all the levers that can be used to guide them, to motivate them so that there is a satisfaction and a mutual balance between ensuring sufficient compensations to make them access the measures aimed at protecting the environment and the effects of their actions, in this case, a better management of natural resources.
This article aims to highlight the impact of agri-environment and climate measures, in Mehedinti county, by using quantitative and qualitative research methods: questionnaire and interview, aimed at showing the degree of information of farmers, the motivation of applying these measures, as well as whether the purpose of these measures was touched. Of the 43 farmers surveyed, 60.5% were motivated by the financial compensation, 75.4% saw these measures as an opportunity to bring more value to the farm, and 67.4% considered that the purpose of these measures is to helps to preserve the environment and the transition to a sustainable agriculture.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE THROUGH A SPATIO-TEMPORAL GIS ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS. CASE STUDY: SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA REGION

Emilia CONSTANTINESCU — 2023-12-31

This research paper investigates the state of agricultural crops in the Oltenia Region.
We analyzed the main major agricultural crops (wheat, corn, sunflower and rapeseed) for the period 1990-2018, in Oltenia.
The study aims to answer the following research questions, such as: What are the counties with the largest agricultural cultivated area?, Can the cartographic method be useful in the comparative analysis of the areas of agricultural crops in Oltenia?, and What factors negatively affect the development of sustainable (ecological) agriculture?.
Using several research methods, such as document analysis, synthesis, comparison, statistical methods and referring to the available studies and statistical data series on the agriculture in Oltenia, this research paper highlights the position of the South-West Oltenia Region in terms of spatial-temporal dynamics and at the same time, the level of development of agricultural crops.

RESEARCHES THAT CONCERN SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ISSUES BY NOW RECORDED IN THE CASES OF SOME VINE KINDS DESTINED TO PRODUCE TABLE GRAPES WHICH ARE CURRENTLY CULTIVATED WITHIN THE DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD

Cristian VĂRZARU — 2024-01-06

The productiveness performance ratios of the vine kinds destined to produce grapes for fresh status consumption insofar their respective quantities and quality levels could ever be concerned are effectively influenced by the vine log’s leaves’active surface and by its own intrinsic features as these latters could be evaluated through the analyses performed upon the leaves’respectively gained amounts of various macro-elements. In the cases of certain vine kinds such as for example Victoria, Chasselas Doré, Călina, Hamburg Muscat and Afuz Ali the performed investigations have brought up reliable evidence which does concern the existences of their respective vocations for revaluating at their best the pedologic and oeno-climate-related local circumstances graciously offered by this longtime since well-known vine cultivated area. Among these circumstances does as well figure the humanly chosen situation of the concerned vine logs through their precisely calculated positions upon the local hillock’slopes. For all of the hereby studied vine kinds the effective extents of their respective leaves’active surfaces as well as their own intrinsic features are really submitted to the influences which could be exerted by the most highly possible to occur drought time intervals. Under these circumstances the vine logs situated amidst the hillock slope should benefit from the most intense photo-synthesis processes while the greatest respiration capacities could be recorded at the vine logs situated upon the slope’s top. However the intensity degrees attended to by the transpiration processes would instead be the highest for the vine logs situated at the slopes’feet.

COMPARATIVE PRICE SITUATION THE TWO TYPES OF POTATOES OBTAINED IN ROMANIA (2018-2022)

Dragoș Mihai MEDELETE — 2023-12-31

The potato culture has a pronounced elasticity, being practiced on numerous meridians and parallels of the globe, the product supplied representing a basic food in the human diet. The potato is also distinguished by its multiple possibilities of use (animal feed, industrial raw material, technological aspects, etc.) and by its high productive potential. Romania is a significant producer of potatoes in the European Union, but we suffer in terms of performances recorded on the productive unit.
At national level, the potato price was 1.16 lei/kg for early, semi-early and summer potato, respectively 1.14 lei/kg for autumn potato. Differences are observed between development regions, with limits of 0.88 and 1.71 lei/kg for early production (Bucharest-Ilfov and West regions, respectively) and 0.80 and 1.67 lei/kg for autumn potatoes (Bucharest-Ilfov and South-West Oltenia regions). We can say that at regional level, prices are correlated to some extent, by their productive potential, as well as by the respective mode of intensity of supply and demand.

SMALL FAMILY FARMS CAPACITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIAN AGRICULTURE

Tamara PAUNOVIĆ — 2024-01-06

Family farms can play a crucial role in the successful and sustainable development of Serbian agriculture. There are several reasons why family farms are significant for the sustainable development of Serbian agriculture, and some of the most important points are: economic contribution, food security, diverse agriculture, market access, local knowledge and tradition. According to the 2018 Farm Structure Survey (FSS), there were 564 541 farms in Serbia, of which 99.71% were classified as family farms with an average size of 4.5 hectares per farm. Moreover, the average economic size of a family farm is 8610 Euros and is 45% higher than in 2012, but still four times smaller than the average in the EU. When evaluating small family farms, it is very important to analyze the age and education level of the farm manager. The average age of the farm managers is 61 years, and in addition, the majority of farm managers (48.6%) have acquired agricultural knowledge only through practical experience. In order to support the capacity of small family farms for sustainable rural development in Serbia, the government and various stakeholders need to: provide policy support, educate and train farmers, improve access to resources and markets, develop infrastructure, and promote research and innovation that meet the needs of family farms. By focusing on these areas to increase the potential of family farms and providing the necessary support, Serbia can build a resilient, sustainable, and economically viable agricultural sector that benefits both rural communities and the overall economy.

STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF PEDOCLIMATIC AND HYDROGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE IRRIGATION IN AN AGRICULTURAL FARM IN THE HILLY AREA

Marius CIOBOATĂ — 2023-12-31

The observations made through this paper aim to analyse local conditions and identify optimal solutions for introducing irrigation in an agricultural farm in a hill area, located in the north of Oltenia region, Romania, more precisely Ghioroiu, Valcea County. The relief of the area is characteristic of the hill area with numerous plateaus and valleys, valleys made over the years by the hydrographic network and from the runoff from the slopes. In such areas apparently several sources of water are available, but only part of them can be used for irrigation.
Water sources available in the area have been identified, namely groundwater, surface springs and surface waters (Olteț River belonging to the Olt River hydrographic basin). These sources were analysed if they can be used for agriculture through irrigation, and the result was that the Olteț River can be used in crop irrigation.
The areas of agricultural land that are exploited by the respective agricultural farm were also analysed to determine which areas can be irrigated and by what method of watering.

DOCUMENTATION STAGES FOR THE SYSTEMATIC REGISTRATION OF A CADASTRAL SECTOR OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNIT

Marius MILUȚ — 2023-12-31

The paper presents the field and office stages for the preparation of the technical documentation for the systematic registration of a cadastral sector, according to the regulations in force. The elevation of detail points in the systematic registration work was achieved using GNSS receivers, as they have increased accuracy, better performance and increased profitability.
The main stages of the systematic registration process are: carrying out the information campaign at the local level with the aim of informing citizens about the start of the systematic registration works in the established cadastral sectors and about the importance of these works; carrying out the work preceding the systematic registration process; carrying out specialized technical works within the systematic registration process; recording information from the sporadic cadastre and updating them, as appropriate, following the collection of information from the field; reception by the local office of technical cadastral documents; publication of cadastral technical documents; updating technical documents as a result of resolving requests for rectification and appeals; finalization of technical documents after the expiration of the appeals resolution period.

DETERMINATING FACTORS IN ROMANIAN CONSUMERS' PREFERENCES FOR WHOLE GRAINS PRODUCTS IN CLIMATE CHANGE CONTEXT

Ruxandra-Eugenia POP — 2024-01-06

Among other factors specific to the macro environment of the product market, which influence consumption behaviour, climate changes can be mentioned. Climate changes related factors (rainfall, temperature, drought) directly influence the level of production (supply) of cereals regardless of their type. At the same time, climate changes indirectly influence the diet of the population and the demand on the grain market. The grains sector is perhaps the most important agri-food sector in Romania and component of the Romanian agri-food system and not only. Among others factors, this is due to the pedo-climatic characteristics favourable for cereal crops and the cultivation tradition. This market is characterized by a high demand, due to the multiple ways of use and consumption, cereal products being essential food for a healthy diet. This paper aims to analyse consumers preference on the whole grains market, a category encouraged by high productions level
but also recommended by specialists for improving health, both for population and environment. In this context, it is important to identify the main socio-demographic characteristics of the Romanian respondents that influence their consumption decision on this market. In order to achieve the purpose of this work, a questionnaire was applied among 126 respondents and the interpretation of the results was carried out with the help of the SPSS program. Thus, reference statistical parameters such as the chi-square test and contingency coefficient were calculated, in order to validate or not the research hypotheses.

MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE LEVEL OF PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS ROSCI0045 JIU CORRIDOR, BISTREȚ ROSPA0010 AND NATURAL RESERVES DRĂNC FOSSIL PLACE-2391 AND ZAVAL FOREST - IV.33 + A6

Radu-Lucian PÂNZARU — 2023-12-30

The paper aims to highlight the aspects related to the urban infrastructure for the protected areas ROSCI0045 Jiu Corridor, Bistreț ROSPA0010 and the Drănic Fossil Place-2391 and Zaval Forest Nature Reserves – IV.33+A6, given that they group a significant number of species of plant and animal origin. These protected areas play an essential role in biodiversity conservation at the level of the 56 ATUs (37 in Dolj County, 17 in Gorj County, one in Mehedinţi County, one in Olt County), on whose territory they are located. The paper refers to the drinking water distribution network, the sewerage network and the natural gas distribution network (including adjacent aspects related to them).
The area has 740 km of city streets, of which 578 km modernized, 1971.2 km drinking water network, 936.0 km sewerage network, produces about 342 thousand cubic meters of water per day, achieving a daily consumption of 19,956 cubic meters. Within the area, there are 940.2 km of pipelines for natural gas distribution (two thirds located in the urban area), which facilitated a consumption of 133,040 thousand cubic meters of gas annually. The urban infrastructure improved during 2017-2021, but certain aspects related to it need to be properly analyzed in order not to have a high negative impact on the state of the environment.

MANAGEMENT OF COMBATING FOOD FRAUD IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC CATERING

Geronimo Răducu BRĂNESCU — 2023-12-27

Food that is safe, made and declared nutritionally correct and free movement contribute significantly to the health and well-being of citizens and to their social and economic interests. This is essential for the EU internal market and food fraud prevention and detection policies make an important contribution to the exercise of this responsibility. The prevalence of food fraud can be explained by the complex nature of global food supply chains and the economic incentive to provide cheaper food. Fraudulent practices in the food sector can also lead to risks to public health.
This paper highlights the main strategies and measures to effectively combat food fraud in public catering in Romania. Due to the impact of food fraud issues on public health and consumer confidence, it is important to build and implement a system of appropriate prevention, control and improvement measures (SPCI - food fraud - PA). Raising awareness of the risks associated with food fraud, educating consumers and catering workers is the main pillar of the proposed system. Standardization of food quality and safety, monitoring of supply chains, transparency and exchange of information, cooperation between links in the food chain, and appropriate sanctioning of those involved in fraud, are key issues addressed in this paper. The development of a set of recommendations for consumers and operators lays the foundation for activities that will support the national plan to reduce food fraud. By implementing these strategies, we can develop a system that makes catering safer, more transparent, an economic sector that preserves product integrity and protects public health.

ASPECT OF CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF POTATOES MITOSIS UNDER COLCHICINE INFLUENCE

Paula IANCU — 2023-12-29

This experiment was performed in order to study the changes in cell division, as a result of colchicine influence on potatoes root meristems. Same concentration (0.5%) in four times of exposure (0.5h; 1.0h; 1.5h; 2.0h) along a control (distilled water) for each variant were used with the aim to identify the types of modifications in cells division and chromosomes behavior. Mitotic abnormalities were identified both in the cells from the control material and to those subjected to colchicine influence for shorter and longer time. Percent of normal mitosis decreased once with the increase in time exposure and as mitotic abnormalities were identified chromosomal fragments, chromosomal bridges, micronuclei and C mitosis.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF COCCINELID SPECIES (COLEOPTERA - COCCINELIDAE) FROM APPLE, CORN AND CABBAGE CROPS

Monica HEREA — 2024-01-05

The observations were made in 2020 in cabbage and corn crops as well as in some apple plantations in two stationary. In the Ezareni stationary belonging to the Didactic Station of USV Iasi, the experimental plots were selected for the corn culture, and in the Vasile Adamachi farm belonging to the Iasi Didactic Station, traps were placed in the cabbage crop as well as in the apple orchard.
To collect the biological material, the soil traps- type Barber, were used the wet type traps in which was used a 20% NaCl solution.
From the collected material, the species of coccinellids were selected and determined with the help of Reitter, Gâdei P., etc. determinants book , or source of internet sites.
The most frequently collected coccinelid species were: Coccinella septempunctata, Propylea quatardecimquttata, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia variegata.

BEETLES IDENTIFIED IN THE SCORNICESTI ORCHARD ECOSYSTEM, OLT COUNTY

Venera Daniela STAN — 2024-01-05

The work is a general classification of insects, starting from the large systematic units, the orders and suborders, and further treating the main families and subfamilies. Following the experiments carried out in 2023, in the North-Eastern area of Olt County, Scornicești locality, the coleoptera species collected in the analyzed fruit-growing ecosystem were classified into 4 families: Scarabeidae, Carabidae, Staphilinidae, Coccinellidae.Thus, in 2023, out of a total of 1214 beetles, the Scarabidae family was present in a proportion of 21.17%, the Carabidae family represented 22.16%, the Staphilinidae family was 7.58%, and the Coccinelidae family represented 49, 09%.

HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN BELL PEPPER (CAPSICUM L.) FROM PRIVATE GARDENS IN COPȘA MICĂ AREA

Mihaela COSTEA — 2024-01-06

There are many studies that reported high levels of metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) content in soils and vegetation from area affected by historical contamination in Copșa Mică area. In the period 2019-2021, a study was carried out in order to assess the accumulation of heavy metals in bell pepper cultivated in private gardens from a contaminated area. During this study 62 individual households were visited and 124 samples (62 soil samples and 62 bell peppers samples) were collected from these gardens, located in the Copșa Mică contaminated area. The results reveal that the accumulation of metals in edible parts of belly pepper had the following hierarchical pattern: Zn ˃ Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Zinc (Zn) was the metal with the highest content identified in the edible part of pepper samples, ranging between 1.4 mg / kg f.w. and 7.0 mg / kg f.w.., while for cadmium (Cd) the content values ranged between 0.005 mg / kg - 0.162 mg / kg. The metals contents in bell peppers were positively correlated to total contents of metals in soil. The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained for the regression curves established for the estimation of Cu, Cd and Zn accumulation in bell pepper (r = 0.443 for Cu, r = 0.399 for Cd, and r = 0.376 for Zn). In the case of lead the linear correlation coefficient is relatively low (r = 0.299). The results of this study are important to estimate the metals accumulation in vegetables from individual gardens, while also improving the safety of foodstuff produced in contaminated areas.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE HERPETOLOGICAL FAUNA FROM CORCOVA (MEHEDINȚI COUNTY)

Carmen Daniela BĂLESCU — 2023-12-27

The paper presents preliminary data on amphibian and reptile fauna from Corcova (Mehedinți county). The commune, with an area of 75.32 km2, is located in the south-west of Romania (north-east of the county), on the right bank of the Motru River. Hills prevail in terms of landforms. The study aimed to update the herpetological database with new information resulting from research conducted between March and October 2022. The preliminary list includes: 10 species of amphibians (Urodela - 3 species: Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Lissotriton vulgaris and Anura - 7 species: Bombina bombina, Hyla orientalis, Pelobates fuscus, Bufotes viridis, Rana dalmatina, Pelophylax kl. esculentus, P. ridibundus) and 11 species of reptiles (2 species of turtles: Testudo hermanni, Emys orbicularis; 4 species of lizards: Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, Podarcis tauricus, Anguis fragilis; 5 snake species: Dolichophis caspius, Coronella austriaca, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata). The variety of habitats, the temperate-continental climate with sub-Mediterranean influences, the trophic resource have influenced the diversity of herpetofauna in the area. The highlighted species of amphibians and reptiles are listed on different national protectionist lists (ordinances, laws, etc.). Species that are subject to special habitat conservation measures have drawn our attention: Testudo hermanni, Emys orbicularis, Triturus cristatus, Bombina bombina, Pelobates fuscus (Annex 3 to OUG 57/2007).

THE PHYTOCOENOTIC STUDY REGARDING THE WET HABITATS FOUND ON THE COPĂNIȚA ISLAND, DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA

Mariana Niculescu — 2023-12-29

The territory under study is an island located very close to the flow of the Jiu into the Danube, in the lower course of the Danube, and represents a protected area for important species and habitats of community and priority interest, as well as an important migration area for an impressive number of protected birds.
This territory is part of the ROSCI0045 Coridorul Jiului Protected Area. Considering the extremely varied and rich biodiversity of this area, we started in 2022 the realization of complex studies regarding the flora, vegetation as well as the habitats of community and priority interest found on Copanița Island. In the present work, a study is presented regarding the phytocenology of wet habitats of conservation interest as well as the anthropogenic impact on them. Thus, the following wetland habitats were identified: 3160 - Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds (CLAS. PAL.: 22.14), 3150 - Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition-type vegetation (CLAS. PAL.: 22.13 x (22.41 sau 22.421), 3130 - Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or Isoëto-Nanojuncetea (CLAS. PAL.: 22.12 x (22.31 şi 22.32) and 3270 - Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation (CLAS. PAL.: 24.52). From the phytocoenotic point of view, the following aquatic and palustre plant communities were identified: Myriophyllo verticillati-Nupharetum luteae Koch 1926, Trapo-Nymphoidetum Oberd. 1957, Lemno-Spirodeletum Koch 1954, Spirodelo-Salvinietum natantis Slavnič 1965, Lemno-Salvinietum natantis Miyawaki et Tüxen 1960, Cyperetum flavescentis Koch ex Aichinger 1933 and Bidenti-Polygonetum hydropiperis Lohm. in Tüxen 1950, Polygono lapathifolio – Bidentetum Klika 1935; Echinochloo – Polygonetum lapathifolii Soo et Csurrs 1974. The climate changes of recent years had a particularly negative effect on these habitats with a particular impact on the surfaces of the habitats but also on the structure and physiognomy of the edifying plant communities.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ENTOMOFAUNA EXISTING IN THE CULTURE OF GOJI (LYCIUM BARBARUM)

Stela-Daniela ENACHE (TROIA) — 2024-01-05

The observations were made in 2022 on a goji plantation within the Vinifruct Society, located in Raducaneni, Iasi. To capture the entomofauna, we used Bio-Plantella yellow sticky traps. These were installed in the goji culture in 2022, starting from May until August. The reading of the catches was done periodically, with the naked eye or with the help of a binocular magnifier. The traps were changed every four weeks. Two traps were used at a distance of 10–12 m between them. The determination of the captured material was done with the help of the Raitter and Panin determiners. From the analysis of the material collected at the 2 traps during the observations, the following groups of insects were found in the culture: wasps, cicadas, aphids, coleoptera, ants, etc.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN PERENNIAL LEGUMES (WHITE CLOVER AND RED CLOVER) IN THE COPȘA MICĂ AREA, ROMANIA

Bogdan Ștefan OPREA — 2024-01-05

The impact of heavy metals on perennial legumes, just like on other plant species, can be detrimental and has several ecological and agricultural implications. The ability of perennial legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules makes them a significant group of plants. The present study aims to evaluate the total concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) in red and white clover plants harvested from grasslands located in heavily polluted areas (Copșa Mică, Axente Sever, Valea Viilor, Micăsasa and Târnava). White clover (Trifolium repens L.) recorded Cd content values between 0.06 - 3.53 mg/kg dry weight, Cu had values between 4.09 - 33.4 mg/kg dry weight, Pb content was between 0.18 - 4.77 mg/kg dry weight and Zn had values between 38 - 186 mg/kg dry weight. Regarding red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) the heavy metal content values were as follows: for Cd (0.08 - 3.38 mg/ kg d.w), for Cu (6.03 - 13.5 mg/kg d.w), for Pb (0.13 – 2.34 mg/kg d.w), for Zn (33.1 - 169 mg/kg d.w). Our results show that clover species harvested from grasslands in these geographical areas have high levels of heavy metals due to metallurgical activities. Grazing in these areas affected by heavy metal pollution can pose serious health problems for animals and later for humans through consumption of their products.

ORHIDS IN SAND DUNES IN KAMCHIYA PROTECTED AREAS BY NATURE 2000 ECOLOGICAL NETWORK (BULGARIA)

Dimcho ZAHARIEV — 2024-01-05

In the Kamchiya protected area (BG0000116) of the Natura 2000 ecological network in Bulgaria, five types of dune natural habitats were studied in terms of the distribution of species from the Orchidaceae family. Four species from the Orchidaceae family have been identified: Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase (= Orchis papilionacea L.), Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich., Himantoglossum jankae Somlyay, Kreutz. & Ovari, and Ophrys scolopax subsp. cornuta (Steven) E.G.Camus (= Ophrys cornuta Steven). For each of these species, a characteristic of the habitat, the population, as well as the accompanying plant species has been prepared, which includes various indicators: projective cover, life form, biological type, and floristic element. A correction is proposed in the distribution in Bulgaria of one of the accompanying species: Campanula sparsa Friv. Botanical literature in Bulgaria states that this species is established above 300 m a.s.l. In our research, we found it at sea level.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPECIES RUSCUS ACULEATUS L. ADAPTED TO THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-WESTAREA OF THE OLTENIA REGION-ROMANIA

Luminita BUSE–DRAGOMIR — 2023-12-27

Ruscus aculeatus L. is a protected species represented by significant populations in the the southwest area of the Oltenia region.
The studies carried out in Mehedinti County, within the forests of Corcova locality, were conducted between July and September 2023, during a period characterised by minimal precipitation. In these conditions, Ruscus aculeatus plants were notably unaffected, with chlorophyll levels remaining relatively stable.
The values of photosynthesis intensity remained constant during the determinations and were not influenced by the water regime. While these values may be considered low compared to other species, they are correlated with stomatal conductance and transpiration intensity.
Despite the general intolerance of most shade plants to dry soil, Ruscus aculeatus demonstrates an exceptional ability to adapt to both shade conditions and severe drought.

ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION EFFECTS OF THE DEROGATION COVERING GAEC 7 AND 8 STANDARDS ON AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION, FOOD SECURITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Mirela PARASCHIVU — 2023-12-29

Currently, there have been numerous authorized derogations from environmental standards under CAP 2022 and 2023. These derogations are pushed hard by the agribusiness-lobby and criticised by many scientists. Despite of this, EU allows Member States to derogate from two Good Agricultural Environmental Conditions (GAECs) in the now freshly implemented CAP (2023-2027). These derogations concern GAEC 7 (crop rotations) and the first requirement of GAEC 8 (maintenance of non-productive areas). All those derogations from environmental obligations are supposedly implemented in order to ensure food security in the EU. Although the derogations on GAEC 7 & 8 might have a better impact in terms of food production, the added requirement will not change the deleterious impact of the measure on biodiversity and soil health.

CLIMATE EVALUATION OF VITICULTURE IN OLTENIA. CASE STUDY: CETATE - DOLJ

Liviu MĂRĂCINEANU — 2024-01-05

Oltenia is generally characterized by favourable climatic conditions for producing high-quality wines. On a statistical scale, viticulture in Oltenia accounts for approximately 20% of the entire country's viticulture. Corcova, Segarcea, Sâmburești, Drăgășani, Banu Mărăcine, Cetate, or Galicea Mare are just a few of the recognized major viticulture centers known for the quality of their wine production. This paper aims to evaluate the climatic characteristics of the viticulture center in Cetate, based on specific meteorological and climate indicators specific for viticulture in the current period. The climatic data and their interpretation describe the favourability of the climatic conditions for viticulture, the main climatic parameters' trends, and offer the possibility of establishing suitable varieties.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PRUNUS PERSICA (L.) BATSCH ATTACKED BY MONILINIA FRUCTIGENA (ADERH. & RUHL.) HONEY

Ion NICOLAE — 2024-01-05

Researches regarding the influence of the treatment with fungicides on the physiological processes were carried out on Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Redhaven variety, cultivated in the climatic conditions in Oltenia region. The physiological researches were performed on July 20th 2022, both for peach trees treated with Dithane M-45 (0,2%) fungicide and also for the peach trees attacked by Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey, in which treatments have not been performed. In the leaves of the plants attacked by the pathogen it was observed that the physiological processes’ intensity (photosynthesis and transpiration intensity) is lower as a result of the effects produced by the pathogen manifested by drying young shoots with the convexity of their top, the presence of brown spots on the fruits and the appearance of the fructifications of the pathogen. In the attacked leaves there were recorded lower values of chlorophyll content, in comparison with the leaves of plants treated with fungicide, thus existing a positive correlation between this content and the photosynthesis intensity.

STUDY REGARDING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF “PALINCA” PLUM DISITILATE FROM CODRU COUNTRY REGION

Liviu GIURGIULESCU — 2024-01-06

The research was carried out in the Country Codru Region from limit between Maramureș and Satu Mare counties. There was analysed 8 samples of distillates (palinca) from 3 villages Asuaju de Jos. Băița de sub Codru and Ardusat. All samples were collected directed from traditional distillery. Fizico-Chemcial analyses followed alcohol concentration; relative density; total acidity; sulphur dioxid content. methanol and furfurole and total content in Ca. Mg. Fe. Zn. Cu. Ni. Co. K. Cd and Na. Results concluded that traditional “palinca” correspond with legislation regarding chemical composition. methanol was identified in one sample and furfurol was absent in all the samples. concentration in minerals was similar at all the samples and depends by the quality of the water used in technological process.

THE GRASSLANDS AND SHRUBLANDS FROM THE CORCOVA HILLS, MEHEDINTI COUNTY, ROMANIA: OPTIMAL HABITATS FOR THE TESTUDO HERMANNI SPECIES

Carmen Daniela BĂLESCU — 2023-12-27

The studies were conducted in the hills located within the Corcova commune, an area with a significant Testudo hermanni population. The climate, with subtle sub-Mediterranean influences, along with a food source comprising wild shrub fruits and other vegetative organs, provided favourable conditions for the reproduction and survival of this species.

The meadows in this region are predominantly characterized by plant associations such as Festuco-Brometea and Danthonio-Brachypodion. In some areas, the meadows are invaded by shrubs like Prunus spinosa and species from the Crataegus, Rosa and Rubus genera. One advantage for this species is the sandy substrate in the higher hills, which facilitates egg laying. As a result, approximately 100 young turtles begin their livesin this area each year. Recent climate changes, marked by very dry summers and autumns, the negative influence of zooanthropogenic factors in the area, etc. have determined the degradation of habitats. This resulted in the movement of turtles to other regions, including household areas and the Motru river meadow. Currently, the future distribution area of the Testudo hermanni species is uncertain, but it is expectedthat a reduction in the number of individuals in the population will be reached.

COENOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE SPECIES ADONIS VERNALIS L. IN THE SOUTH-WEST OF OLTENIA, ROMANIA

Mariana NICULESCU — 2023-12-29

Adonis vernalis L., known as pheasant's eye, spring pheasant's eye, yellow pheasant's eye, is a perennial plant with yellow flowers from the Ranunculaceae family that grows in xerophytic meadows but sometimes also in the glades of the thermophilic and sub-thermophilic forests of Europe and Asia. Following the studies carried out, in the south-west of Oltenia, the species was identified in xerophytic and xero-mesophytic meadows, but also in the glades and clearings of the Turkey oak and Hungarian oak trees in the localities: Radovan, Perișor, Plenița, Mărăcine, Tencănău, Vârvoru de Jos, Târnava.
The populations were found on level ground at altitudes between 60-125 m. From a phytocoenotic point of view, the species was identified in the following plant communities: Stipetum capillatae Schneider-Binder 1967, Bothriochloetum ischaemi (Krist. 1937) Pop 1977, Festucetum valesiaco-rupicolae Csuros et Kovacs, Quercetum cerris Georgescu 1941; Quercetum frainetto-cerris (Georgescu 1945) Rudski 1949.
The populations of the species are very few, the number of individuals in a population being quite small. It was found that the climatic changes of recent years, combined with the expansion of the sandy lands in Oltenia, had a negative impact on this species both from the population and phytocoenotic point of view. Pheasant's Eye (Adonis vernalis has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2011. Adonis vernalis is listed as Least Concern. The species is also protected by 2 international agreements important at European level.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF EXISTING ENTOMOFAUNA IN THE LAVENDER CROPS

Stela-Daniela ENACHE (TROIA) — 2024-01-05

The observations were made during the year 2022, starting from May to August, in a Lavandula crops in the Raducaneni, stationary from Iasi, located about 40 km from the Iasi city and about 45 km from the Husi city.
The existing entomofauna was grouped by taxon categories up to the insect order level, only the coleopterans being determined up to the species level.

RESEARCH ON THE ARTHROPOD SPECIES EXISTING IN POTATO CROPS

Ioan-Paul BUTNARAȘU — 2024-01-05

The research was carried out in 2022 in a potato crop in the Radauti-Suceava area, at the Varieties Testing Center, subordinate to the State Institute for Varieties Testing and Registration, Bucharest.To collect the material, were used Barber soil traps of the wet type, in which a 20% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was placed.
We used 3 variants, each with 6 repetitions, as follows:V1, in which treatments were applied against pests, with products approved for organic agriculture, V2, in which treatments were applied against pathogens and pests in conventional agriculture, V3, in which no pest control treatment was applied.
The harvest of the captured material were made during the months of June, July and the first decade of August. The collected arthropods belong to the following groups:Insects: wasps, ants, flies, bedbugs, plant lice, cicadas, etc., mites, millipedes, isopods, etc.

A STUDY REGARDING HEAVY METALS IN PERENNIAL GRASSES SPECIES HARVESTED FROM PERMANENT MEADOWS IN THE COPȘA MICĂ AREA, ROMANIA

Vera CARABULEA — 2024-01-05

Copșa Mică is one of the areas known, at national and international level, with a high level of pollution, even though metallurgical activities have been stopped. Heavy metals contamination of the environment is a worldwide concern. This study shows the content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) in two species of perennial grass plants (Dactylis Glomerata L. and Festuca Rubra L.) from permanent meadows in the Copșa Mică area. The estimation of heavy metal content is based on a data set made in 17 points for Dactylis Glomerata L. and 19 points for Festuca Rubra L. harvested from permanent grasslands at different distances from the pollution source. For Dactylis Glomerata L. the Cd content varies between 0.05 mg/kg and 1.21 mg/kg, the Cu values were between 2.80 mg/kg and 5.55. The content of Pb and Zn recorded values between 0.15 mg/kg and 49.6 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg and 122 mg/kg, respectively. In Festuca Rubra L., Cd values are between 0.04 mg/kg and 3.07 mg/kg, Cu – 0.29 mg/kg and 7.53 mg/kg. Lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) values ranged between 0.1 mg/kg and 27.5 mg/kg and 25.8 mg/kg and 131 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study are important for the estimation of heavy metal accumulation in perennial grass species in permanent grasslands, which are consumed directly by animals and indirectly by the population.

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE HEMIPARASITIC PLANT RHINANTHUS RUMELICUS Velen AND ITS HOST SPECIES

Luminita BUSE–DRAGOMIR — 2023-12-27

Rhinanthus rumelicus Velen is a hemiparasitic herbaceous species commonly found in hill and lowland meadows, particularly in areas where arable land has been abandoned and converted into grassland. As a result, it can be inferred that this species has an impact on community structure, vegetation zonation, and the dynamics of plant populations.
Physiologically, the species extracts a portion of the raw sap from its host plants. The photosynthesis process occurs with intensities similar to those of autotrophic plants. Research has indicated that Rhinanthus rumelicus plants exhibit a more intense respiration process compared to their host plants. While the intensity of their photosynthesis is within the normal range for a unit of leaf surface, the quantity of organic substances generated by this process is minimal, as these substances are primarily consumed during the respiratory process.

WHICH WOODY SPECIES ARE PREFERRED IN THE COMPOSITION OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN SANDY SOILS OF DOLJ COUNTY?

Cristian Mihai ENESCU — 2024-01-04

Agroforestry systems have been gaining increasing global attention due to their numerous benefits both for environment and landowners. While Romania possesses significant potential for widespread adoption of these systems, only a few examples are currently in practice. The goal of this research was to highlight the most suitable woody species that could be introduced in the composition of the agroforestry systems across sandy soils of Dolj County. In order to determine the most preferred woody species a set of eight criteria was used and an Analytical Hierarchy Process was conducted by using Expert Choice Desktop (v. 11.5.1683) software. This research can serve as a model for similar studied aimed at selecting optimal agroforestry systems for specific sites. Future research should also incorporate criteria that consider the functional relationships of these green spaces with neighbouring areas.

CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND PHYTOBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOME NATURAL BORON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

George Dan MOGOŞANU — 2024-01-05

Boron (B) has many roles in the plant kingdom, being an essential element for fundamental metabolic pathways, with reference to carbohydrates, ribonucleic acid, phenolic compounds, indole acetic acid derivatives, respiration, as well as for the structure of cell wall and integrity of plasma membrane, cell division, differentiation, and elongation at the level of meristematic tissues, growth of the pollen tube, grain maturation. It has also been shown that the low amount of B can cause sterility during herbal reproductive stage.
For identification and quantitative determination of some natural B-containing compounds (BCCs), such as boric acid, fructoboric acid and its derivatives (Ca–fructose–B complex and Zn–fructose–B complex), sodium tetraborate, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–ultraviolet (UV) densitometry method was used, based on the following experimental conditions: stationary phase HPTLC silica gel G 60 F254 precoated glass plates, mobile phase 2-propanol–water 8:2 (v/v), derivatization with chlorogenic acid.
The phytobiological assessment of natural BCCs was carried out using Triticum test. A slight stimulation of the mean radicular elongation of wheat-germinated caryopses, compared to the reference, was recorded for fructoboric acid and its derivatives at a concentration of 0.1% expressed in B.

THE EFFECTS OF THE TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN PRUNUS AVIUM L. ATTACKED BY STIGMINA CARPOPHILA (LÉV.) M.B. ELLIS

Ion NICOLAE — 2024-01-05

Researches regarding the effects of the treatment with fungicides on the physiological processes were carried out on Prunus avium L.,Carmen variety, cultivated in the climatic conditions in Oltenia region. Physiological research was carried out on June 26 th 2022, on cherry trees treated with the fungicide Dithane M45 (0.2%), in comparison with cherry trees attacked by Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis in which no treatments were performed. In the leaves attacked by the pathogen it was noticed that the photosynthesis intensity and transpiration intensity record lower values as a result of the effects produced by the pathogen manifested by the emergence of small pink-purple spots, bounded by a reddish-brown border, that gradually enlarges and become necrotic at the centre. The linear regressions performed between the physiological processes intensity and the photosynthetic active radiation, the leaf temperature and the stomatal conductance show a positive correlation between these. In the attacked leaves there were recorded lower values of chlorophyll content, in comparison with the leaves of plants in which fungicide treatments have been performed.